Understanding Irritable Bowel Syndrome
What is IBS?
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder affecting up to 15% of people in the US, according to the American College of Gastroenterology.
- IBS is characterized by a collection of symptoms related to a disturbance of the large bowel.
- Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
Causes and Diagnosis
The exact cause of IBS is still unknown, but it is believed to be associated with a disturbance of bowel function.
The nerves and muscles in the bowel tend to be extra sensitive in people with IBS.
Excessive muscle contraction and overactive nerves can cause cramping and severe pain.
IBS should be diagnosed by a qualified medical professional, such as a GP. It is important to rule out celiac disease, as it can present symptoms similar to IBS and have serious long-term health implications.
Dietary Therapy for IBS
Low FODMAP Diet
A low FODMAP diet is a primary strategy for therapy in an IBS diet, as viewed by gastroenterologists.
FODMAPs are fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols.
The elimination period lasts for 4–6 weeks, which is viewed as a diagnostic test to identify patients sensitive to FODMAPs.
Foods with a high content of fat and spice are thought to give rise to GI symptoms.
Exclusion Diets Based on Testing
Many patients keep food diaries or try exclusion diets based on triggers. Many patients mistakenly associate their symptoms with a food allergy, leading them to seek exclusion diets or specific tests. Certain commercially available tests are based on gut immune activation of specific foods and claim to identify food intolerances. Lactose restriction and gluten restriction are common exclusion diets for IBS sufferers.
Supplements for IBS Relief
Probiotics and Prebiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can provide benefits to the host, including improved digestive health, mood, and immune health.
Prebiotics are a substrate that is utilized by the host, which then provides a clear benefit, such as selectively feeding the good bacteria in the gut.
Probiotics and prebiotics can help improve IBS symptoms such as altered bowel habits, abdominal pain, bloating, distension, and excess gas production. The efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in treating IBS symptoms has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials.
Peppermint Oil and Digestive Enzymes
- Peppermint oil can help reduce abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort associated with indigestion.
- Peppermint oil can act similarly to antispasmodics and can help reduce visceral hypersensitivity in the gut.
- Digestive enzymes can aid in the digestion of nutrients and can help manage IBS symptoms.
Herbal Remedies for IBS
Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to alleviate various health conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While some herbal remedies may provide relief from IBS symptoms, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using them, as they can interact with medications or worsen symptoms.
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Peppermint Oil: Peppermint oil has been shown to relax the muscles in the digestive system, reducing abdominal pain and discomfort associated with IBS. Enteric-coated or slow-release capsules can help the oil reach the intestines, where it can exert its beneficial effects.
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Ginger: Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties and can help alleviate nausea, bloating, and abdominal pain associated with IBS. It can be consumed as a tea, capsule, or added to food.
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Chamomile: Chamomile is a natural relaxant and can help reduce stress and anxiety, which can exacerbate IBS symptoms. It can be consumed as a tea or supplement.
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Fennel: Fennel seeds have been used to alleviate digestive issues, including bloating, gas, and abdominal pain. They can be consumed as a tea or added to food.
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Slippery Elm: Slippery elm is a natural demulcent that can help soothe and protect the mucous membranes in the digestive system, reducing inflammation and discomfort associated with IBS.
Fiber Supplements
Fiber supplements can help manage IBS symptoms, particularly constipation-predominant IBS. However, it is essential to choose the right type and amount of fiber to avoid exacerbating symptoms.
- Psyllium: Psyllium is a soluble fiber that can help soften stool and promote regular bowel movements. It can be taken as a supplement or added to food.
- Methylcellulose: Methylcellulose is a soluble fiber that can help soften stool and promote regular bowel movements. It can be taken as a supplement or added to food.
- Polycarbophil: Polycarbophil is a soluble fiber that can help soften stool and promote regular bowel movements. It can be taken as a supplement or added to food.
When choosing a fiber supplement, it is essential to consider the following:
- Start with a low dose: Begin with a low dose and gradually increase as needed and tolerated.
- Choose a gentle fiber: Opt for a fiber supplement that is gentle on the digestive system, such as psyllium or methylcellulose.
- Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration is essential when taking fiber supplements to help the fiber move through the digestive system.
- Consult with a healthcare professional: Consult with a healthcare professional before starting any fiber supplement, especially if you have a history of gastrointestinal issues or are taking medications.
Managing IBS Symptoms
Lactose and Gluten Restriction
Many IBS patients attribute their symptoms to milk or dairy intolerance.
There are no blinded or controlled trials, which show the benefit of lactose restriction.
Some patients attribute their IBS symptoms to gluten or wheat ingestion. Patients with diarrhea predominant IBS may experience worsened symptoms with a gluten-containing diet and might benefit from gluten restriction.
The prevalence of people who avoid gluten has more than tripled from 2009 to 2014.
Stress Management and Lifestyle Changes
Simple changes in your diet and lifestyle often provide relief from IBS. Your body typically needs time to respond to these changes. Dietary choices, particularly gluten and fiber intake, can significantly impact stool consistency in IBS patients. Try to make gradual changes to your diet and lifestyle, such as increasing fiber intake or reducing stress. Stress management techniques, such as meditation and yoga, can also help relieve IBS symptoms.
Finding the Right Supplement for You
Consulting with a Healthcare Professional
- It’s recommended to discuss any supplements with your doctor or a registered dietitian to ensure they are safe for you.
- A healthcare professional can help you find the most evidence-based supplements for IBS management.
- Always consult a healthcare professional before trying any supplements or herbal medicines.
Conclusion
Summary of Key Points
- IBS is a common digestive disorder that can be managed with dietary therapy and supplements.
- A low FODMAP diet and exclusion diets based on testing can help relieve IBS symptoms.
- Probiotics, prebiotics, peppermint oil, and digestive enzymes are supplements that can help improve IBS symptoms.
- Stress management and lifestyle changes can also provide relief from IBS.
- Consult with a healthcare professional before trying any supplements or herbal medicines.
